The broader mission context of the NanoCarb space instrument

The key element of the SCARBOn mission is the NanoCarb space instrument. It is designed to provide the core measurement capability of the mission: precise quantification of atmospheric CO₂ and CH₄ concentrations from space.

As its design matures, it strengthens Europe’s ability to monitor greenhouse gases in a reliable, independent and scalable way. The recent consolidation of the instrument design provides SCARBOn with a clear technical baseline for mission planning and future development. A more detailed technical overview of the instrument is available in the article NanoCarb space version: A compact interferometric spectrometer for greenhouse gas monitoring in the athmosphere.

Why is the NanoCarb space instrument so precious?

• Boosts Europe’s capacity to monitor greenhouse gases

NanoCarb space instrument enables high‑precision measurements that will help Europe track CO₂ and CH₄ emission trends, identify emission hotspots and evaluate mitigation progress. These observations, sharpened by aerosol co-measurements from the joint SPEXone instrument, support transparency, climate reporting and evidence‑based policymaking, while strengthening the data foundations for climate‑related decisions at both national and European levels.

• Unlocks the potential of small‑satellite climate monitoring

Its compact design makes NanoCarb space instrument suitable for small satellite platforms. This means lower mission costs and faster deployment. The SCARBOn constellation is designed to provide frequent revisit times (up to twice daily), representing a shift from large satellite missions toward more flexible and scalable architectures.​

• Provides reliable data for global climate action

By delivering reliable observations of atmospheric CO₂ and CH₄, the NanoCarb space instrument will contribute to a better understanding of emission patterns and their diurnal variations, improved verification of mitigation efforts and stronger scientific evidence to support climate strategies.

• ​Strengthens European capacity in Earth Observation technologies​

Key components of the NanoCarb space instrument can be developed and manufactured in Europe. The instrument´s architecture is compatible with European satellite platforms and launcher capabilities. Together, these features reduce dependence on non-EU suppliers while strengthening technological autonomy and Europe’s competitiveness in the space sector.